Security and Organized Crime

The ancient procedure of preventing violence, is crime prevention and manipulate and minimization of hazard.

Within this context, research originated and evolved via the army and civilians attempted to acquire the state of the art important for fighting violence may be efficient and thus gain tolerable degrees for the welfare of the network.

In the worldwide arena from the Nineteen Sixties, there was the emergence of diverse projects to combat the growing violence and the consequences resulting from this case. Among numerous tries, it become found that the solution turned into growing police-network interplay, mainly that specialize in appreciate with society.

The new idea of a police related without delay to the desires of stakeholders, searching for in addition integration and recognizing that the citizen who lives in a place of social chance, have to be visible so respectful. Community policing was born then.

Technological innovations, operational base of economic globalization, have been fast adopted by criminal companies.The mafias have held its very own "globalization", in which the hard work pressure comes from the preferential migration, occasionally clandestine, possibly in operating conditions similar to slavery. Two elements contributed decisively to the brand new world order of prepared crime.

The unification of the European Community (EC), that is materialized within the Nineteen Nineties (now known as the European Union - EU), and the quit of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR ).

The cease of borders, in countries that joined the EU and absolutely the loss of political and army manage over the huge territory of the former Soviet Union, opened a corridor from the Baltic to the Pacific, for the disposal of the goods of groups as the Sicilian Mafia (Cosa Nostra), the Russian Mafia, the Chinese Triads, the Yakuza (Japanese) and the Colombian Cartel.

This motion, the world, concerned agreements and understandings, deliberating a "aid financial institution" already prepared by way of the 'tax havens', and prospered in the financial markets under the emblem of 3 circumstances:

a) The fall in enterprise profitability of traditional merchandise;

b) the excess of dollars from the lifestyles of bills deficit and domestic debt multiplied in the U.S. For as a minimum 50 years, the identical volume because the greenback took over the situation of global forex.

C) The manner of privatization of the financial system of the previous USSR within the 1990s underneath the authorities of Boris Yeltsin, thru which the Russian mafias began to dominate 70% of the economic device of the Russian Federation.

Holders of equity, available, opened the Russian mafia a 'gateway' extremely applicable inside the worldwide economic device. The crossing with the worldwide activity of organized crime in its model less surprising took place in successive operations, stability sheets and bills of fraud. Other  also notice the phenomenon: the deployment of a system of e-commerce, primarily based on operations of the Internet and the privatization of postal offerings international - wherein the largest is FedEx, primarily based in the U.S..

In this context there are other macro-factors to be taken into consideration: the problem of patents and control of biodiversity - from the war scenes of international international relations to the ends of the Amazon.

The shadow of the country, officers criminals function a coverage of biopiracy strongly connected to organized crime circles. From a geopolitical view, Miami and Los Angeles (USA) appear as' capital 'of organized crime strategy for Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia, particularly within the two maximum relevant aspects: - the trafficking of drugs and weapons.

Among the countries which are extra wash money the U.S., wherein they deliver 50% of all economic transactions that have as supply drug trafficking, terrorism, kidnapping, smuggling, corruption and different unlawful sports. The exceptional worldwide networks and connections, which perform with the help of ultrasound generation flee, even for now, the scope of calls of Financial Intelligence Units (FIU - Financial Intelligence Unit), which act globally articulated within the so-called Egmont Group.

In its final document, the organization notes: the put off in investigations of cash laundering means that had been offered few settings regarding new technology or techniques - such as washing Internet, clever playing cards (smart cards) or banking transactions online. We anticipate that, through the years, more and more cases concerning these technology come to the information of the forces of repression in opposition to crime.

The to be had literature on organized crime are handiest now beginning to meet the instances of laundering of capital 'dirty' schemes based totally on high tech. As the cash grows in volume transactions in the real economic system, more organized crime networks and we exceeded by means of the massive community of virtual money. Precisely at that size there are difficulties in identifying the "grimy capital", obtained through the sale of medicine and weapons, as an example, that is" washed "each day and receive the blessings of the marketplace, breaking the economies of nations of central capitalism, and so-known as rising international locations, without being  by using all people.

The money laundering pastime is provided as either suggest performance of acts concatenated in time and space, angle is reached determined reason. These movements are connected to concealment and integration. From a strategic motion of prepared crime, hide and disguise are movements history the movement of integration, while the 'grimy cash' return in the financial system as a legitimate funding marketplace. In this stage, is not often feasible to recover the belongings generated with the aid of unlawful sports.

In a worsening of the socio-monetary situations of nations categorised as " emerging" on all continents, there are 3 factors that can be highlighted:

a) The fall in profitability of traditional organizations, a global in which products are produced and services are supplied, so-referred to as real financial system;

b) The boom in poverty in global, with the deconstruction of the growing international of labor;

c) Lack of control of economic markets and the float of capital, by using states and multilateral our bodies inclusive of the World Bank (IBRD), International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO) and of multilateral companies tied to the United Nations (UN).

Drug Trafficking comes in first rank hierarchy in markets managed by prepared crime the first is that capsules, specifically cocaine, heroin and artificial, consisting of ecstasy and amphetamines. It is predicted that the enterprise actions from $ 300 to 500 billion.

The 2d is the trafficking of guns. Further, trafficking in humans for prostitution, organ exchange, slave exertions. Then there are other sectors which includes corruption and money laundering that permeate all of the work of organized crime. A very ideal range, calculated with the aid of the United Nations, is 400 billion dollars (greater than the global oil enterprise), using nearly 20 million human beings and serving 70 to a hundred million consumers.

Perhaps 1/2 of those customers are in the United States, the most important marketplace for tablets within the global - and the largest market for the whole lot else. Authorities and experts that deal with special ways of preventing organized crime, from multilateral our bodies which includes the United Nations (UN) bodies, intelligence and repression of democratic, non-governmental agencies see the "lords of crime 'with a sort of 'holding'. The idea is taken from the current idea of presidency and turned into appropriated via mafias and cartels to manage and preserve the mega-business in high.

And all this, regardless of the conflict and repression still focused within the fingers of the nation, today extraordinarily weakened through the discount and dismantling of the kingdom equipment, the sector, a end result of the regulations led to the end of the 1980s through the U.S. And Great Britain.

It operates as a preserving business enterprise. The group that comes to capsules is often related to hands trafficking, particularly because it's far a enterprise that includes no money, best goods: I give you 20 kg of cocaine in exchange for a gun. This takes place at the border between Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, particularly with the proceeds of the robbery of cargo, vehicles and vans. Often there's no money inside the center. Therefore, organized crime operates as preserving more than as a business region.

The Trafficking of Weapons The smuggling of guns, the operation part of a wonderfully legal transaction (the acquisition of guns in trade for export), is a hidden degree, but nonetheless 'legal' and returns to the usa illegally, smuggled by crook corporations engaged within the resale slums and outskirts of large Brazilian towns. There is also an demanding issue inside the global of trafficking in guns, the arsenal of Russia, whose economy is absolutely ruled via the mafia: 'According to the Minister of Interior of the Russian Federation, approximately 5,seven-hundred mafia organizations control 70% of the banking area of the country and maximum of its exports of oil, natural fuel, of strategic minerals and uncooked materials.

We have to distinguish, preliminarily, the trafficking of weapons of illicit fingers alternate.

The first, practiced via drug traffickers linked to crook agencies, and has assumed the sale in bulk, or in amount and sort (nice) that entails large cash. But the illegal change, commonly retail, flourishes in the shadow in their very own unconventional our bodies and government liable for public safety, greater than the palms trafficking, illegal arms buying and selling commercial enterprise is nonsense. The police seized a 38 to a person, a small gun, near the heavy weaponry that exists today. This gun remains lodged inside the judiciary, the police for years, and the country regularly loses manage over it.

The scheme of trafficking in guns operates in opposite of the drugs, in trendy: first a purchase is made, legally, then the product is exported to eventually return smuggled in the country, going immediately up inside the palms of crook organizations. In early 1991, a truth found out to the global network the dimensions of the hassle, especially the manipulate exercised with the aid of the Russian mafia in such touchy sectors of the financial system of that u . S ., along with the financial machine.

The nuclear trouble - by no means be emphasised enough - is one of the most severe troubles. In 1991. For $ 250 thousand he may want to purchase a nuclear warhead for medium size (approximately 700 pounds). " What likely prevents the usage of nuclear guns by organized crime is on the one hand, the quantity of destruction induced and feasible violent retaliation, and, secondly, the dearth of a strategic purpose.

The foremost danger, consequently, entails organizations and non secular fanatics. The numbers of world production of weapons, no matter the secrecy surrounding the alternate war enterprise, for alleged reasons of state, suggest that the five permanent individuals of UN Security Council United - United States, China, Russia, France and the United Kingdom - totaling almost 85% of the arena stock of weapons. The United States exports nearly 15% of its production, the UK and France, 25% and 20% respectively.

Nearly eighty% of income go to smaller and poorer countries, specifically for trouble areas in the growing global.

What feeds the site visitors on a worldwide scale, frequently is the manufacturing of small palms, whose production generation is straightforward and relatively cheap cost. Unlike the complex weapons structures together with missiles: "To give an idea of numbers, the improvement of a brand new air-to-air missile leaves round $ 1.5 billion to $ 2 billion bucks.